美國(guó)艾倫腦科學(xué)研究所Ed S . Lein等研究人員合作發(fā)現(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)錄組的細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)揭示人類新皮層組織的基本原理。2023年10月13日出版的《科學(xué)》雜志發(fā)表了這項(xiàng)成果。
研究人員使用單細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)，并對(duì)人類皮層進(jìn)行細(xì)胞表征，以更好地了解皮層區(qū)域特化。8個(gè)跨越皮層結(jié)構(gòu)變異區(qū)域的單核RNA測(cè)序顯示24個(gè)細(xì)胞亞類的細(xì)胞組成高度一致。然而，興奮性神經(jīng)元亞類的比例差異很大，可能反映了初級(jí)感覺運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層和關(guān)聯(lián)皮層之間連通性的差異。星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞和少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的層狀組織在不同區(qū)域也存在差異。
初級(jí)視覺皮層表現(xiàn)出特有的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，興奮性神經(jīng)元與抑制性神經(jīng)元的比例、第4層興奮性神經(jīng)元的擴(kuò)張和特化的抑制性神經(jīng)元發(fā)生了重大變化。這些結(jié)果為人類皮層細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)和區(qū)域特化的精細(xì)細(xì)胞和分子表征奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
據(jù)介紹，細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的變化是皮層區(qū)組織學(xué)定義的基礎(chǔ)。
附：英文原文
Title: Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organization
Author: Nikolas L. Jorstad, Jennie Close, Nelson Johansen, Anna Marie Yanny, Eliza R. Barkan, Kyle J. Travaglini, Darren Bertagnolli, Jazmin Campos, Tamara Casper, Kirsten Crichton, Nick Dee, Song-Lin Ding, Emily Gelfand, Jeff Goldy, Daniel Hirschstein, Katelyn Kiick, Matthew Kroll, Michael Kunst, Kanan Lathia, Brian Long, Naomi Martin, Delissa McMillen, Trangthanh Pham, Christine Rimorin, Augustin Ruiz, Nadiya Shapovalova, Soraya Shehata, Kimberly Siletti, Saroja Somasundaram, Josef Sulc, Michael Tieu, Amy Torkelson, Herman Tung, Edward M. Callaway, Patrick R. Hof, C. Dirk Keene, Boaz P. Levi, Sten Linnarsson, Partha P. Mitra, Kimberly Smith, Rebecca D. Hodge, Trygve E. Bakken, Ed S . Lein
Issue&Volume: 2023-10-13
Abstract: Variation in cytoarchitecture is the basis for the histological definition of cortical areas. We used single cell transcriptomics and performed cellular characterization of the human cortex to better understand cortical areal specialization. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of 8 areas spanning cortical structural variation showed a highly consistent cellular makeup for 24 cell subclasses. However, proportions of excitatory neuron subclasses varied substantially, likely reflecting differences in connectivity across primary sensorimotor and association cortices. Laminar organization of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes also differed across areas. Primary visual cortex showed characteristic organization with major changes in the excitatory to inhibitory neuron ratio, expansion of layer 4 excitatory neurons, and specialized inhibitory neurons. These results lay the groundwork for a refined cellular and molecular characterization of human cortical cytoarchitecture and areal specialization.
來源：科學(xué)網(wǎng)
作者：小柯
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